Placemaking is about sense of place. Everybody – people of all backgrounds, ages and abilities – can participate in creating successful public places. Everyone can serve the agenda of excellence in design, healthy communities and thriving neighborhoods. Our built environment is a common good that comes alive through an understanding of how humans instinctively relate to space, design leadership that leverages it, and activity programming that capitalizes on it. The BSA Placemaking Network celebrates its 10-year anniversary with the release of the Placemaking Manifesto. To solicit community input the Manifesto was launched at a public writers' workshop with the co-authors, Christina Lanzl, Robert Tullis and Anne-Catrin Schultz at BSA Space in Boston on October 23, 2017. 

The Placemaking Network explores what it takes to further the creation of high-quality, distinctive public places. Participants of the public Placemaking Manifesto review at BSA Space on October 23, 2017 were Placemaking Manifesto co-authors Christina Lanzl, Robert Tullis and Anne-Catrin Schultz as well as Polly Carpenter/BSA Foundation, A. Vernon Woodworth/AIAMA Board of Directors, Anthony Clayton, Deborah Fennick, Kathryn Firth, Júlia Hilário, Marek Jacisin, Victoria LaGuette, Doris Martinez, Neil McCann, Stephanie Osser, Sergio Arturo Perez, Coco Raynes, Eric Reinhard, Renata von Tscharner, Sara Wermiel, Douglas Wohn and Claudia Zarazua
 
​The Placemaking Manifesto
Placemaking transforms space into place. Our public realm is a common good that comes alive through an understanding of how humans instinctively relate to place, design leadership that leverages it, and active programs for and by communities as a civic benefit for everyone. Placemaking activates our built and lived environment. We acknowledge and actively work towards improving hard as well as soft quality of life factors. 
Placemaking = Quality of Life
 
Placemaking engages the five senses. It is about developing and continuing identity, distinctive, specific and memorable character in our public spaces. It’s about fostering a sense of place: our body-mind’s positive kinesthetic, emotional and cognitive experience in, and in relationship to our public surroundings.  It’s achieved by putting the importance of our shared, exterior spaces between buildings above that of our private, interior spaces within them. We recognize that storytelling gives meaning to our lives and is therefore an important narrative device of human civilization.
Placemaking = A Sense of Place
 
Placemaking is about the benefits that accrue to us, our neighbors, our community, and even our culture when we engage with each other in a high-quality and healthy public realm.  Including public participation in its design and use helps create community identification. Active programming, public events, and public art are powerful tools that help foster community pride.
Placemaking = Caring About the Community
 
Placemaking integrates the individualized focus of disciplines such as architecture, urban design, landscape architecture, public art, and community cultural programming; and supersedes their boundaries by focusing on collaboration, communication and place instead of isolated projects, bringing together individuals of all backgrounds, interests and talents.
Placemaking = Collaboration and Communication
 
Placemaking embraces inclusivity by offering a universal platform for discourse. Everyone is a maker of place. Everyone can serve the agenda of excellence in design, supportive environments, healthy communities, and thriving neighborhoods. In a high-quality public realm, we shed our individual bubbles and participate in a life of greater civic engagement.
Placemaking = Active Participation
 
Placemaking combines an awareness of tradition with an embracing of new and emerging technologies. It respects time-tested rules of form and space, but also employs the research, development and innovation along with contemporary digital and social media tools to further community building.
Placemaking = Tradition and Innovation


Download the Placemaking Manifesto
Download the Oct. 23, 2017 Writers' Workshop Notes
Download the Authors' Biographies
See the Jan. 2, 2018 article on ArchDaily
Download the Letter to the Editor of ArchDaily

The World Metrorail Congress Americas took place at The Inn at Penn Station in Philadelphia on June 28 and 28, 2017. The conference surveyed strategic discussions related to light rail planning and management in metropolitan areas. Sandra Bloodworth, Director, MTA Arts & Design, Metropolitan Transit Authority in New York City chaired the roundtable, Ridership Engagement: The essential role of art and design in engaging your ridership and communities. Presenters included Katherine Dirga, Program Manager Arts Administration of MARTA in Atlanta GA, Elizabeth Mintz, SEPTA Director of Communications, Philadelphia artist Ray King as well as Caitlin Martin, Media Communications Manager of the Association for Public Art in the conference city. Christina Lanzl of the Urban Culture Institute’s contribution to the conversation focused on questions related to placemaking in transportation planning:

• How can public transportation agencies work towards better services and policies in the U.S. that support placemaking and a high quality public transportation environment?
• What is the future of digital applications in public transportation art and placemaking projects? Can an overload of visual and sound/noise stimulation deteriorate the ridership experience?

Lanzl laid out the benefits of an integral, holistic perspective and multi-disciplinary approach that leverages placemaking, the arts and culture to enhance abutting communities through collaboration. The goal is to improve quality of life and to create opportunities for neighborhoods, businesses, organizations and individuals/residents.

Common Boston is accepting volunteers through May 15, 2017.

The Urban Culture Institute is Community Partner and proud co-sponsor of Common Boston, the annual architecture and design festival of the Boston Society of Architects/AIA, a program of the BSA Foundation. Common Boston will provide free, open access to buildings throughout Boston's diverse neighborhoods during the weekend of June 3 and 4. By doing so, the public will be inspired to discover why design matters, and learn the stories of Greater Boston's many dynamic communities. Since 2006, Common Boston has hosted over 250+ events for thousands of attendees in 35 greater Boston neighborhoods. 
​
Please help make Common Boston possible, and volunteer your time during the festival weekend! Meet interesting people,
​go behind the scenes of some of the city’s greatest places, and become more involved in your community.
The 2017 Common Boston Festival already includes over 50 sites! View the current Common Boston sites at commonboston.org.

Common Boston is accepting volunteers through May 15, 2017.
For sponsorship opportunities please contact msalvatierra@architects.org.

Among the 2017 site partners are Arnold Arboretum | Ayer Mansion | BNN Charles J. Beard ll Media Center | Bolling Building | Boston Architectural College | Boston Harbor Distillery | Boston Nature and Wildlife Center | Boston Public Market | BPL: Central Library in Copley Square | BPL: East Boston | BPL: Honan Allston | BPL: Hyde Park | BPL: Jamaica Plain | BPL: Mattapan Branch | Cambridge City Hall | Carpenter Center for Visual Arts | Church of the Covenant | Community Boat Building | The Ethelbert Cooper Gallery of African & African American Art | Cooper Frost Austin House | DHS: Capt. Lemuel Clap House | DHS: James Blake House | DHS: William Clapp House | District Hall | Eliot Burying Ground | Eliot School of Fine Arts | Emerald Necklace Conservancy | Ether Dome and the Bulfinch Building | Eustis Street Firehouse | Fenway Victory Gardens | First Baptist Church of Boston | First Church of Roxbury Meetinghouse | Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site | Grain Wood Shop | Hibernian Hall |  Kendall Square Roof Garden | L Street Power Station | Loring-Greenough House | Lunder Arts Center, Lesley University | Metropolitan Waterworks Museum | MIT List Art Center | The Museum of African American History | Northeastern University’s Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex | Old North Church | Otis House, Historic New England | Shrine of Our Lady of Good Voyage | Paul S. Russell, MD Russell Museum of Medical History & Innovation | Saint Peter's Episcopal Church | South Street Farm (Groundwork Somerville) | Vilna Shul, Boston's Center for Jewish Culture | Trinity Church | Union Press | YMCA of Greater Boston | Y2Y | ZUMIX

Published in Wentworth Architecture Review 7, 2017. Download the full essay.
 
In this essay the co-authors, Christina Lanzl and Anne-Catrin Schultz, investigate an international interdisciplinary group of noted architects, engineers, artists, and scientists in a survey of the present and future of kinetic applications in facade design. Focus is a selection of projects that involve kinetic mechanisms, explore potential already realized and evolving visions.

Architecture is typically associated with a sense of permanence, solidity and the perception that it stands still. At the same time, architects and engineers have been intrigued for centuries by more flexibility. They have attempted to mobilize elements, to create responsive facades that react to site conditions, microclimate and the users’ desires.
 
Kinetic architecture relates to the terms of movement, bringing a reactive potential that allows users and visitors alike to interact with the building or part of it. Mapping site conditions such as wind, sun and shadow or movement and the presence of spectators might be processed and visualized in moving parts as a process of kinetic mapping. It is often facades that include the dynamics of this kind of interaction, the simplest version being a blind to keep out the sun or a power circuit to render a transparent wall opaque. Kinetic mechanisms are used in the art world to engage with buildings and the city and in the engineering world to satisfy increasingly complex requirements of sustainability.

On a field trip to the Diablo Glass workshop the senior and graduate students of my ARTitecture seminar at Wentworth Institute of Technology studied glass making techniques––both hot and cold glass processes. Glass studio co-founder Sean Clarke demonstrated glassblowing while Sheila Checkoway presented a workshop on glass bead making. Additional information on Wentworth at https://www.wit.edu and on Diablo Glass at http://www.diabloglassschool.com.

Art in the Landscape by Patrick Dougherty, Roxy Paine and Konstantin Dimopoulos
Christina Lanzl, PhD
​
Life on earth is hard to imagine without trees. Their environmental, biological, economic and cultural functions permeate our existence. Countries that lack trees tend to subsist at the edge of survival. Three leading, contemporary artists from the U.S. and Australia––Patrick Dougherty, Roxy Paine and Konstantin Dimopoulos––have centered their creative inquiry on trees, creating temporary large-scale, site-based installations in the landscape that utilize trees. All three apply the strict modular principles of serial art.[1] How doe their works relate to the natural environment in terms of materials, narratives and interpretations? How do these artists’ installations differ from each other?

Dougherty has been utilizing traditional basket weaving techniques to turn saplings into massive Stickwork environments that are architectural in nature (Ill. 1-4). Roxy Paine’s highly polished welded tree sculptures are naturalistic “structures in the realms of nature and industry”[2]. His Dendroids (Ill. 5-7) closely resemble leafless trees in a paralyzed, inanimate state. The term combines “dendron” (Greek for “tree”) and -oid (a suffix meaning “form”). Dimopoulos developed The Blue Trees (Ill. 8-10) environmental art installation, which has been realized in partnership with cultural and environmental organizations, cities and hundreds of volunteers at a dozen prominent sites worldwide. Stands of trees, either mature or saplings, are colored with an environmentally safe, ultramarine blue pigment to call attention to global deforestation.

ORIGINS / SITINGS / SIGHTINGS
Within the trajectory of art, culture and time, trees are closely linked to human existence. Ancient ritual embraced tree worship. They were depicted as part of the natural world in prehistoric art, such as the stick trees in the 25,000-year-old rock shelters of the Serra da Capivara in Brazil. In landscape painting, trees have been celebrated as subject matter since antiquity, when Greek and Roman artists created sculptures and murals prominently featuring gardens and trees. Landscape painting is highly regarded in Chinese art, where trees tower in visual expressions since the Northern Song Period beginning around 900 BCE. In Europe, trees emerged as a dominant subject in Dutch landscape paintings of the early 16th century. The notion of an intimate communion with nature commenced during the Romanticism of the 19th century, partly in reaction to the Industrial Revolution and a new scientific look at nature. Typically, the artist and the viewer both embrace aesthetic gratification and an emotional response. The representation of trees in art continues to change. In our own age of increasing environmental concerns a new consciousness regarding the fragility, even endangerment of nature is becoming ever more present, as demonstrated by Dimopoulos, Dougherty and Paine.
​
Patrick Dougherty: Stickwork
Art in the landscape has been a growing phenomenon, with site-specificity becoming an important consideration starting in the 1970s. North Carolina-based, Patrick Dougherty, has been creating his Stickwork since 1975, usually weaving local into his walkable structures built from saplings harvested nearby. He describes his method:

Taking advantage of a new art trend of building sculptures on location, I began to work on-site for museums, artist-run spaces, sculpture parks, gardens, and private individuals. […] I initially exported saplings from North Carolina to other places, using a truck and trailer purchased with money from a North Carolina Arts Council artist fellowship. However, I quickly found that the typical cycle for urban expansion meant that I could find a supply of saplings in almost every community; that is, when forests are cut at the edge of town, the scrubby regrowth is available until the bulldozers arrive for final clearing.[3]
 
To date, the artist has created over 250 Stickwork installations at sculpture gardens and in partnership with museums in the U.S. and abroad, immersed in his choice medium of tree saplings. What the Birds Know (Ill. 4), shown on the front lawn of the Peabody Essex Museum’s historic Crowninshield-Bentley House as the museum’s first major outdoor commission. The five structures are reminiscent of ”a little housing project”,[4] as described by Dougherty. Source of inspiration was a nearby small cobbler’s shed located between the historical John Ward House and a Quaker meetinghouse. Often, Patrick Dougherty harvests during the sequence of suburban real estate development. Pending availability at an installation location, he collects, where forests have been cleared for future construction. In Salem, he was invited to cut invasive species, such as Norway maple and buckthorn, in addition to cherry.
 
Roxy Paine: Dendroids
Roxy Paine has been welding full-size tree sculptures since 1998, after building art making machines and realist tableaus of Weed Choked Gardens (1998-2006) or, poisonous mushroom plantations (e.g. Amanita Muscaria Field, 2000). Paine’s sculptures exist at the intersection of nature and an artificial, man-made world, deepening his earlier artistic inquiry. Typically, he creates objects that either imitate nature or automate artistic production. In this regard, his approach differs from Dougherty and Dimopoulos, who use nature as a resource in their installations. Paine’s first large-scale outdoor works are the product of artist residences in Sweden (Impostor, 1998) and Spain, (Transplant, 2001). The Dendroids are hand-welded from thousands of pieces of industrial pipe, plate and rods. Tree mushrooms propagate along the shafts, furthering the notion of decay.
 
Beginning with the Whitney Biennial’s invitation to install Bluff (2002) (Ill. 5),  in Central Park,[5] the Dendroids have been highly acclaimed. Philadelphia’s Association for Public Art launched a one-year installation of Symbiosis (2011) on Benjamin Franklin Parkway on the open lawn of Iroquois Park in June 2014 (Ill. 6-7). In Symbiosis a second, smaller tree skeleton supports the weight of a giant, collapsed tree. Nature is dying in Roxy Paine’s leafless tree sculptures, a message for the viewer to ponder. These works lead to deep questions about the collision of nature and the manmade.
 
Konstantin Dimopoulos: The Blue Trees
Konstantin Dimopoulos developed The Blue Trees concept following his move from New Zealand to Melbourne, Australia, a city that promotes tree planting and takes pride in its tree canopy of already 20 percent. As an environmentalist, the artist is deeply concerned with the issue of global deforestation. This led to his first use of blue pigment, directly applied to the trunks and branches of mature trees in the installation, Sacred Grove – The Blue Forest, Afforestation Art Action at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in 2005 (Ill. 8).
 
Dimopoulos chose the color blue because it is immediately recognizable: “Color is a powerful stimulant, a means of altering perception and defining space and time. The fact that blue is a color that is not naturally identified with trees suggests to the viewer that something unusual, something out of the ordinary has happened. It becomes a magical transformation.” His next invitation to realize The Blue Trees came from the Vancouver Biennale in 2011 (Ill. 9). There, he achieved a rich tapestry of effects over the course of spring, summer and fall at several sites. Since then, the Blue Trees have been realized at over a dozen venues in North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Typically, Dimopoulos is commissioned by city agencies or cultural non-profits serving urban audiences.
 
MATERIAL CHOICES: PERMANENCE AND EPHEMERALITY
Choosing different materials leads to a distinctive narrative and inherent durability of the artwork. The sapling Stickwork and The Blue Trees colorant last for a limited period, rendering these installations a poetic blink in a nature setting. The Dendroids also have their place in temporary cultural programming, like the Whitney Biennial. However, due to the permanence of steel, these sculptures are not tied to landscape in the same way as Stickwork and The Blue Trees. Case in point: Symbiosis was acquired as a permanent sculpture through a grant from the Daniel W. Dietrich II Trust in January 2015.[6]
 
Over time, Dougherty has become a master at weaving saplings. He has dedicated his entire art practice to perfecting his craft. In Dingwall, Scotland, he studied with the Scottish Basketmakers Circle to further perfect his craft when building the 22-foot high Close Ties (2006) (Ill. 2) from willow saplings: “[…] the real treasure, though, was the hardy band of basket makers who came from all over Scotland to help me work on the sapling sculpture. With them, they brought a deep appreciation for the material as well as tales of sticks, especially their own local varieties.”[7] As noted earlier, Dougherty’s constructions are generally inspired by the landscape that surrounds them. Ancient stone circles in Calanis inspired the artist to shape the work like primal stones. Picking up on the idea of ritual and celebration at the ancient sites, Close Ties was burned at a festival following the spring of its making.[8]
 
Unlike Dougherty’s Stickwork, The Blue Trees are just one aspect of the artist’s oeuvre. Besides working in the genre of temporary installation, Dimopoulos also is a recognized sculptor who has sited his Linear Sculptures commissions in urban as well as landscape settings, such as Wheatfield With Crows (2014) at the Meadows Community Recreation Centre in Edmonton, Canada (Ill. 10). These kinetic works of reinforced fiberglass and carbon fiber in densely arranged grids, are activated by the wind. His oeuvre ranges from public art and sculpture to environmental installations on topics concerning the state of humanity.
 
TERMS OF ENGAGEMENT
Both Dimopoulos and Dougherty usually recruit dozens of local volunteers for the creation of their works. This approach corresponds with the project partners’ objective to involve audiences and communities. Civic engagement and interactivity indeed are more and more important to cultural production. The PEM installation involved a group of 50 volunteers in the sapling construction. In this regard, Dougherty works like Konstantin Dimopoulos who actively engages volunteers to assist with applying blue pigment to trees that washes off in the course of several months. Engaging locals in the production is a key strategy by Dimopoulos to bring his environmental message to the public in a grassroots effort that is also shared via the press and media. In contrast, the production of Roxy Paine’s Dendroids requires professional skills and equipment that limits general volunteer and community engagement.
 
CONCLUSION
Within the last 50 years, the installation and traditional interpretation of art and sculpture in the landscape has dramatically changed. While reverence or awe of nature continues to be an important aspect of art in natural surroundings, particularly in sculpture park settings, some contemporary artists, such as Konstantin Dimopoulos and Roxy Paine raise consciousness of the fragility and devastation of nature. They do so in a highly refined, aesthetic manner, while utilizing the site as a means to comment on declining environmental conditions, both naturally occurring and caused by humanity. Working with pigment, natural material and refined steel, Dimopoulos, Dougherty and Paine have been attracted by trees, thus continuing the long trajectory of humankind’s symbiotic relationship with them.

Notes
[1] Repetition was introduced into the modern art canon by artists like Joseph Albers, whose square paintings of the Homage to the Square series (1950-1976) became single, repeating images in variations, a theme further developed in minimalism.
[2] Eleanor Heartney. Roxy Paine. New York: Prestel. 2009, p. 14-15. 
[3] Patrick Dougherty. Stickwork. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010, p. 17.
[4] Will Broaddus. “Stick Work: Artist invites public to watch as he builds sculptures in Salem.” Salem News, 5.13.2015. www.salemnews.com/news/lifestyles/stick-work-artist-invites-public-to-watch-as-he-builds (Accessed 6.19.2016)
[5] Also documented in a mongraph: Anne Wehr, ed. Bluff (New York: Public Art Fund, 2004).
[6] See http://associationforpublicart.org/symbiosis (Accessed 6.19.2015)
[7] Patrick Dougherty. Stickwork. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010, p. 134.
[8] Irina Vinnitskaya,. “Stickwork: Patrick Dougherty”. ArchDaily, 4.16.2012. www.archdaily.com/224561/stickwork-patrick-dougherty (Accessed 6.19.2015)

Bibliography
Konstantin Dimopoulos
Lanzl, Christina. "Making a Mark: The Blue Trees Environmental Art Action." Public Art Review 52, Spring/Summer 2015.
Scarlett, Ken. “Sinuous Colour.” Sculpture, May 2007, p. 44-47.
Patrick Dougherty
Broaddus, Will. “Stick Work: Artist invites public to watch as he builds sculptures in Salem.” Salem News, 5.13.2015. www.salemnews.com/news/lifestyles/stick-work-artist-invites-public-to-watch-as-he-builds (Accessed 6.19.2016)
Dougherty, Patrick. Stickwork. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010.
Maunsell, Penelope; Dalsheimer, Kenny (dir.). Bending Sticks: The Sculpture of Patrick Dougherty. PenKen Productions, 2013.
Vinnitskaya, Irina. “Stickwork: Patrick Dougherty”. Archdaily, 4.16.2012. http://www.archdaily.com/224561/stickwork‐patrick‐dougherty 
Roxy Paine
Heartney, Eleanor. Roxy Paine. New York: Prestel, 2009.
Wehr Anne (ed.). Bluff. New York: Public Art Fund, 2004.